There are a number of relevant periods, beginning in the 1930s with De Meyer, Steichen, Horst, Hoyningen-Huene, and Toni Frissell, all of whom helped to invent the modern fashion photograph. Avedon and Penn redefined the genre in the ‘40s and ‘50s – Avedon most radically, but both artists went well beyond fashion, increasing the cultural impact of the magazines with portraiture and, in Penn’s case, still life. Every subsequent decade had its stars, from Hiro, Saul Leiter, Lillian Bassman, and Deborah Turbeville to Helmut Newton, Guy Bourdin, and Frank Horvat. We need more perspective on recent times, but Bruce Weber, Steven Meisel, and Steven Klein dominate and have been remarkably influential.